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List Available Timezones:

sudo systemsetup -listtimezones

Set Timezone:

sudo systemsetup -settimezone Europe/Berlin

Set Clock Using Network Time:

# Status
sudo systemsetup getusingnetworktime

# Enable (Default)
sudo systemsetup setusingnetworktime on

# Disable
sudo systemsetup setusingnetworktime off

Set Menu Bar Clock Output Format:

# System Preferences > Date & Time > Time options
# Analogue
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock IsAnalog -bool true
# Digital (Default)
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock IsAnalog -bool false

# System Preferences > Date & Time > Flash the time separators
# Enable
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock FlashDateSeparators -bool true
# Disable (Default)
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock FlashDateSeparators -bool false

# Thu 18 Aug 23:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM HH:mm:ss"

# Thu 23:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE HH:mm:ss"

# 18 Aug 23:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM HH:mm:ss"

# 23:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "HH:mm:ss"

# Thu 18 Aug 11:46:18 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm:ss a"

# Thu 11:46:18 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm:ss a"

# 18 Aug 11:46:18 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm:ss a"

# 11:46:18 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm:ss a"

# Thu 18 Aug 11:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm:ss"

# Thu 11:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm:ss"

# 18 Aug 11:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm:ss"

# 11:46:18
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Checked [:ss]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm:ss"

# Thu 18 Aug 23:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM HH:mm"

# Thu 23:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE HH:mm"

# 18 Aug 23:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM HH:mm"

# 23:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Checked [HH:mm]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "HH:mm"

# Thu 18 Aug 11:46 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm a"

# Thu 11:46 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm a"

# 18 Aug 11:46 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm a"

# 11:46 pm
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Checked [a]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm a"

# Thu 18 Aug 11:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm"

# Thu 11:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Checked [EEE]
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE h:mm"

# 18 Aug 11:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Checked [d MMM]
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "d MMM h:mm"

# 11:46
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Display time with seconds - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Use a 24-hour clock - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show AM/PM - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show the day of the week - Unchecked
# System Preferences > Date & Time > Show date - Unchecked
sudo defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "h:mm"

# Apply changes immediately
sudo killall SystemUIServer

Via herrbischoff/awesome-macos-command-line.

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